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Graphic papers (newsprint, writing and printing) in Yugoslavia |
There are four major manufacturers in Yugoslavia that produce
newsprint, writing and printing paper. Currently, the editors
are not possession of production data for all of the following
firms.
"Beranka" paper, which is located in Berane, Montenegro,
was founded in 1961, and is predominantly owned by the government
of Serbia. Beranka paper produces exclusively wood-free paper
up to 15.000 tons per annum.
"Bozo Tomic" paper, Cacak, was founded in 1929, and is
totally government owned. Bozo Tomic paper produces ground-wood
pulp up to 12.000t, packing paper up to 6.000t and, writing
and printing papers with contents of ground-wood pulp up to
17.000t per year.
"Matroz" a paper and cellulose producer is located in
Sremska Mitrovica, was founded in 1960, and is predominantly
owned by the government. Matroz paper and cellulose produces
bleached sulfate deciduous cellulose up to 120.000t, ground-wood
pulp up to 28.000t, newsprint up to 40.000t, writing and printing
paper up to 25.000t, single-side coated paper up to 6.000t and
double-sided coated paper up to 6.000t per year.
“Belgrade paper”, located in Belgrade, was founded in
1923, and is totally government owned.
The utilization of total capacities for newsprint, writing and
printing paper production in Serbia was between 24.7% and 42.5%
(table 2).
|
Product |
 |
Installed |
|
Realized early production and usage of capacities |
|
capacity |
1995 |
|
1995 |
|
1995 |
|
t/y |
tons |
% |
tons |
% |
tons |
% |
|
Newsprint |
57.000
|
34.427
|
60.0
|
19.365
|
33.9
|
17.403
|
30.5
|
Writing
printing
paper |
57.000
|
14.006
|
24.6
|
10.158
|
17.8
|
10.756
|
18.9
|
|
Total |
114.000
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48.433
|
42.5
|
29.523
|
26.9
|
28.159
|
24.7
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Table 2. - Utilization of total capacities for newsprint, writing and printing paper production in Serbia
In the former Yugoslavia all manufacturers of newsprint, writing
and printing paper had been oriented to distribute their products
within the territory of their country. Since the application
of sanctions by the international community against Yugoslavia,
the disposal of paper is still mostly to the domestic market.
Newsprint, writing and printing paper are produced by qualified
workers (foremen, foremen of paper machines) with an average
age of 50 years.
All the manufacturers of newsprint, writing and printing paper
have been managing with losses in the last few years.
Reduced capacities lead to discontinued functions which eventually
result in increases of all normative expenses, reduction in
gross consumption of raw material supplies, increases in wastage
due to inefficient equipment, as well as turnover of capital
for other purposes. Absence from the foreign market for ten
years has minimized the developmental possibilities and the
financial abilities of Serbian newsprint, writing and printing
paper producers to provide real competition to their regional
neighbors.
So the future economy of paper production will depend more and
more on usage of waste paper and cheap mechanical fibers (ground-wood
pulp, CTMP and so on). This will necessitate a move to more
modern ecologically efficient equipment and, a shift of focus
to recycling in Serbia. This paradigm shift will also have to
occur amongst the citizens of Serbia, not only the industrial
entities. The section to most frequently utilize this production
are producers of packing papers, a part of graphics paper (writing
and printing), and then newsprint, special and other sorts of
paper. The same proportions are in Yugoslav paper and board
production.
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Tissue paper |
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